{"id":431,"date":"2023-06-15T11:46:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T11:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lareb.in\/wp\/2023\/06\/15\/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81%d8%8c-%d8%a2%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b7\/"},"modified":"2023-06-15T11:46:00","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T11:46:00","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81%d8%8c-%d8%a2%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/2023\/06\/15\/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%81%d8%8c-%d8%a2%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n

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\u2019\u2019…<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06c1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u06d4\u2018\u20183<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u06c1\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>(Francis Meres)<\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba\u0646\u06d2 1598 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span> Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0628<\/span>A Comparative Discourse Of Our English Poets, With The Greeke, Latine, And Italian Poets<\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0648\u06ba\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1\u0654 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0626\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span> (William Shakespeare) <\/span>\u0646\u06d21609 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span> Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer’s Day <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u06ba\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0686\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u06cc\u0645\u06c1 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u060c\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u06af\u0648\u0626\u0679\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe)  <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span> (World Literature) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u06af\u0648\u0626\u0679\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u06c1\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u062a\u06a9 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span> Comparative Study <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 1848 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0646\u0644\u0688<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Matthew Arnold) <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Comparative Literature) <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0646\u0644\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0653\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0646\u0644\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0686\u06d4\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0679<\/span><\/span><\/span> (H.M.Posnett) <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span> Comparative Literature (1886) <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06c1 \u0686\u0644 \u067e\u0691\u0627\u06d4  <\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06af\u06d2\u06d4 1910 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0679\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0627\u0644\u06af \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06d4 \u0688\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span> (F.W.Chandler) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0686\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u06d4 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u2019\u2019 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u2018\u2018 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u06d4\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06af\u06d2\u06d4 1954 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span> International Comparative Literature Association <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u062c \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>(Anna Balakian)<\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06d4 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0679 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c\u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1\u0654 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u2018\u20185<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0627 \u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0679\u06af\u06be\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>(Paul Van Tieghem)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/span>(Jean Marie Carre) <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0633 \u06af\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Marius Francois Guyard) <\/span>\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062c\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06d4\u0648\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Rene Wellek)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u06c1\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Henry Levin)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0688\u06cc\u0648\u0688 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span> (David Mellon) <\/span>\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba\u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u060c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u060c\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0688\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06cc\u06c1 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u061f\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0627\u0644\u06af \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u2019\u2019 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06c1 \u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06c1\u06d2\u2018\u2018\u06d4 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0633\u0679<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Francois Jost) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u2019\u2019 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u06c1\u06d2\u2018\u2018\u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0688\u0631\u06cc\u062c<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Alfred Owen Aldridge) <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u2018\u20186<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0688\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0679\u06cc\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0679<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Thomas Stearns Eliot) <\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06c1 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u2019\u2019 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u2018\u2018\u06d4 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646 \u062c\u06c1\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u06af\u06c1\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u06cc\u0686\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span> (John Fletcher) <\/span>\u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span> The Criticism Of Comparison <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
  3.  <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
  4.  <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c7<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0688\u06be\u0646\u06af \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0686\u0648\u062f\u06be\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0645\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/span>\u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

      \n
    1. \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    2.  <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c8<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 <\/span>\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0641\u06c1\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0648\u06c1 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u2019\u2019….<\/span>\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0641\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0630\u06c1\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06c1\u0626\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u06ba \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0670\u0630\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0641\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

        \n
      1. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. \u062c\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      5. \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      6. \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/span><\/li>\n
      7. \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u2018\u20189<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0637\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u0648 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c \u0641\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1\u06d4\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u0648\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u0648\u060c \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u0648\u060c \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

          \n
        1. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c\u0645\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635115<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. \u06c1\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u060c\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span> Comparative Literature, Its Definition and Function <\/span>\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span> Comparative Literature: Method and Perspective<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0646 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0632\u060c<\/span>USA Southern Illinois University Press,Carbondale,<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span><\/span>1961<\/span>\u0635 3<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 359<\/span><\/li>\n
        4. \u0627\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635 359<\/span><\/li>\n
        5. \u0627\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635 360<\/span><\/li>\n
        6. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0686\u0648\u062f\u06be\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0645\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> <\/span>\u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 2018\u060c\u063552<\/span><\/li>\n
        7. \u0627\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635 41\u060c42<\/span><\/li>\n
        8. \u0627\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635 41<\/span><\/li>\n
        9. \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0641\u06c1\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 2019\u060c\u063520<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Mohammad Saqib<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

          Research Scholar, Dept. of Urdu<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          Manuu, Gachibowli, <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          Hyderabad- 500032 (Telangana )<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          Mob.: 9628527791<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          Email id. mohdsaqib7262@gmail.com<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u06c1\u0627\u06ba\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u0631 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u06ba \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0653\u062c \u06c1\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06be\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0628\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}