{"id":560,"date":"2022-12-27T05:43:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T05:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lareb.in\/wp\/2022\/12\/27\/%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%db%8c%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%db%8c-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%b4%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2022-12-27T05:43:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T05:43:00","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%db%8c%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%db%8c-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%b4%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/2022\/12\/27\/%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%db%8c%db%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%db%8c-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%b4%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633: \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0648 (<\/span>Cognitive And Social Constructivism<\/span><\/span><\/span>):  <\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1        <\/span> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 (\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2) \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1) \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2        <\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0633\u06a9\u06cc)\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631  <\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c  <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0670\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u06c1\u06d2.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc  <\/span>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0644\u06c1\u0670\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c (<\/span>Assimilation<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a (<\/span>Accommodation<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a (<\/span>Adaptation<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 (<\/span>Schema<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0686\u06c1 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0630\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u06d2 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u0635\u0644\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06c1\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\/ \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 (<\/span>Schema<\/span><\/span><\/span>): \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c\u060c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c  \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u060c\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c (<\/span>Assimilation<\/span><\/span><\/span>) :\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0686\u06c1 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0686\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0679\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646(<\/span>Equilibration)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627  <\/span>\u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9  <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 (<\/span><\/span>schema<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0686\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644(<\/span>New Situation)<\/span>\ue104<\/span>\u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0679 \u06a9\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u064f\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc  <\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631  <\/span>\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641  <\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a(<\/span>Disequilibrium)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u0691 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06cc  <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a(<\/span>Accommodation)<\/span>\ue104<\/span>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0630\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u06ba (<\/span>Schemas<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u062f\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a(<\/span>Adaptation<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u062f\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc  <\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631  <\/span>\u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0691\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc\/\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631  <\/span>\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0633\u06a9\u06cc  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u067e\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0633\u06a9\u06cc  <\/span>(1978) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06d2  <\/span>\u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u060c\u0628\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631\u06d4 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 (<\/span><\/span>Inter-Psychological<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0628\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 (<\/span>Intra-Psychological<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0633\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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    \n
  1.   <\/span>\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0686\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9  <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
  2.    <\/span> \u0628\u0686\u06d2  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/li>\n
  3.   <\/span>\u0628\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
  4.   <\/span> \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0686\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
  5.    <\/span> \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/li>\n
  6.        <\/span>\u0628\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2  <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u2022 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
  8.   \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <\/span><\/li>\n
  9.  \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\/\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631   <\/span>\u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4(\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u062a) <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \/<\/span><\/span>cognizing<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u0648\u06c1 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627  <\/span>\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba  <\/span>\u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628  <\/span>\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0691\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0656\u0656\u0636\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631  <\/span>\u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645  <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0656\u0656\u0636\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \/ \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0691 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \/ \u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4  <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0656\u0656\u0636\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648  <\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u06d2  <\/span>\u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06af\u0679\u0633\u06a9\u06cc (1978) \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0686\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648  \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633  \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u0631\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1   <\/span>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc (<\/span>Pedagogical<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span> Honebein (1996<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

      \n
    1.      <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 (\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2) <\/span><\/li>\n
    2.   <\/span>   <\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
    3.   <\/span>\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
    4.       <\/span>\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a(<\/span>Ownership<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0648\u0627\u0632(<\/span>Voice raise<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4 (\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u062a)\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/li>\n
    5.      <\/span>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d2 (\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
    6.      <\/span>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba\u060c (\u0648\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0653\u0688\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/li>\n
    7.      <\/span> <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u06cc\/\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1  <\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644  <\/span>\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06c1\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u06c1\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u06c1\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u06c1\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u06c1\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

        \n
      1.          <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645<\/o:p><\/span><\/li>\n
      2.         <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631<\/o:p><\/span><\/li>\n
      3.        <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06c1\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06c1\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/li>\n
      4.        <\/span>\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0631\u06c1  <\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0631\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0644\u06af \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0686\u0633\u067e\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1  <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc  <\/span>\u062c\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0637\u06d2 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba-<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u0646 (<\/span>Advanced Organizers)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u062a (<\/span>Analogies)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c  <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0686\u06be\u0644\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a\/ \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639(<\/span>Elaboration)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span>(Inquiry Based Learning)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2, \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4  <\/span>\u0627\u0633  <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06c1 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06d2  <\/span>\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u06c1\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u061f <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

          \n
        1.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a   <\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
        2.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 <\/span><\/li>\n
        3.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/li>\n
        4.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631  <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0686\u0633\u067e \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 <\/span><\/li>\n
        5.         <\/span>\u0627\u0633  <\/span>\u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645  <\/span>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
        6.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0686 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0648\u0627  <\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
        7.         <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n
        8.         <\/span>\u0627\u0633  <\/span>\u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc (\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc) \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628(<\/span>Problem Based Learning)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628  <\/span>\u0648\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644(\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2) \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06d4\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2- <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628(<\/span>Discovery Learning)<\/span>\ue104<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 21 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0688\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0631\u0646\u0646\u06af \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0631 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06c1\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062e\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0686\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          5<\/span>E Model <\/span>\ue104<\/span> Atkin<\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 <\/span>Karplus<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0646\u06d2 5<\/span><\/span>E<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0688\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644(<\/span><\/span>Engage<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u060c \u06a9\u06be\u0648\u062c(<\/span>Explore<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a (<\/span>Explain<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u060c\u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644(<\/span>Elaborate<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06c1\u0654 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631(<\/span>Evaluation<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba-<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u0679\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span>\u0627\u0653\u062c \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0631\u0632\u06d4\u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627  <\/span>\u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u062c \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0648\u0624\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0679\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u06a9\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0631 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06c1\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <\/span>simulative<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0679 \u0648\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0679\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba (<\/span><\/span>Rice & Wilson-1999<\/span><\/span><\/span>)\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d  <\/span>\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0679\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>\ue104<\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u062a\u06c1 \u0686\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c ‘\u0627\u0633  <\/span>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba  <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627  <\/span>\u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06c1\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u06d2\u06d4\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 ”\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc” \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062f  <\/span>\u067e\u0631  <\/span>\u0645\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631   <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0686\u06be\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0646 2000)\u06d4<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          Dr. Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Shabbir<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          Associate Prof. of Education, MANUU<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          College of Teacher Education<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          Darbhanga- 847306 (Bihar<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645  \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u062e \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a  \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}