{"id":62,"date":"2024-10-28T10:19:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T10:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lareb.in\/wp\/2024\/10\/28\/%d9%85%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a8-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d9%85%d8%b6\/"},"modified":"2024-10-28T10:19:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T10:19:00","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a8-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d9%85%d8%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/2024\/10\/28\/%d9%85%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88-%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a8-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d9%85%d8%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06c1: \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2024<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/b><\/div>\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u2019\u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018(Essay) <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Montaigne(1571) <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06c1\u0645\u0627 \u06af\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u06ba\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0686\u06be\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u06d4 \u2019\u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u2018 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 \u2019\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u06d2 \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u2018 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u06d4 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0630\u0648\u0642 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Montaigne) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span>Miechael De Montaigne (1533-1592)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0679\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Notes) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0648\u0679\u0633 \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06af\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0632\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06ba\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u2019 \u0627\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span> (Essays) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0686\u0631\u0686\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06af\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u2018\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646  <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2\u2018 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0641\u0638<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Assay<\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u0670 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0641\u0638<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Essai<\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Exgagium(<\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627) \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Exagere<\/span>\u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634\u060c \u0635 386)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0686\u0627\u0633\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Chacer <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u0641\u0638<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Assay <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u0670 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06af\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u062c\u06c1\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u0670 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2\u2018 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u0670 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0634\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u0641\u0638<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Assay<\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Earl of Birken Head) <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u06d2 \u2019\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u2018 \u0646\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (John Lock)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 1690 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u2019 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0646\u06af \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0627\u0646\u0688\u0646\u06af<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(An Essay Concerning Human Understanding) <\/span>\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u06af\u06c1\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0644\u062c\u06be\u06d2 \u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u062c\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0627 \u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2\u2019 \u0679\u0650\u0631\u06cc \u0679\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0653\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018 (Trestise On Civil Government) <\/span>\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u2019\u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2\u2018\u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0642\u0635\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0688\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (John Dryden) <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>( Literary Aesthtics) <\/span>\u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u067e\u0648\u067e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Pope)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0648\u2019\u2019 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/span>( An essay on Man)<\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0679\u06a9\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ( G.E Hudson) <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (English Literature) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0691 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u0686\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0686\u0633\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u2018\u2018\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0686\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0635 227)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Hugh Walker) <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>(English Essays and Essayists) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>(\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06a9\u0691\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646\u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 (\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646)\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0646\u06c1 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0679 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u2018 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06c1 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u0633 \u06d4\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 1)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0691 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u06c1 \u0631\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u2018\u2018 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u2018 \u06a9\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u2018\u2018 (\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0635 327)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Mure)<\/span>\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4  <\/span>\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u2019 \u06a9\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u2018\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u2019 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u06ba\u2018 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Earl of Birken Head)  <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06c1\u0646\u0688\u0631\u0688 \u0628\u0633\u0679 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>(Hundred Best English Essaya) <\/span>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0679 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u063a \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u2018\u2018 (\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 1)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0686\u0633\u067e\u06cc \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u06c1\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>(Henry Hudson) <\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06c1\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646\u06d4\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u0648 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0688\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u060c \u0635331)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u06c1\u0688 \u0633\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0645\u06c1 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0637\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u0648 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0688\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u060c\u0635 331)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u0648 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0688\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Introduction to the Study of Literature)  <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Usage) <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631: \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 3)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u06c1 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Bacon)<\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0627\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0679\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0679 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0626\u0679\u0631\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Essay of a Prentice in the Devine Art of Poetric) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0631\u06be\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0626\u06cc \u0679\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Essay on Criticism)<\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Essay on Man) <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06c1\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Crable)<\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06c1\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646\u06d4\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0688\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u060c\u0635 34)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (San Bue) <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Smith)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u0646\u0688\u06af\u0648\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Edmund Gosse) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0686\u0648\u0691 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u2019\u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0626\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646: \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635 247)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0679\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0627\u06d4\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646 14\u060c \u062c\u0644\u062f8\u060c \u0635 716)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) (Hugh Walker<\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u0627\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(John Locke) <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0646\u0646\u06af \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u0646\u06af<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(An Essay Concerning Human Understanding) <\/span>\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (G.E Hudson)<\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062c\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) (E.V Don <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Francis Bacon 1561-1626) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0627\u0688\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Essay of Adversity)<\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0688\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0646\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(De Quency)<\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0688\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06d2 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0679<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Murder As A Fine Art) <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 24\u06c1\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2\u06d4 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u06be\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4  <\/span>(\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0634 \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 5\u060c \u0635 167<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0688\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (H.Walker)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc  <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u2019 \u2019\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u06c1 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u2018\u2018\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (A loose salley of mind unirregular undigested piece)<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u06d4 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u06c1\u0646\u06af \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646: \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635 248)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Eric Mc Collon <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

-1      <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646: \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4  <\/span>\u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0645\u067e \u060c \u06c1\u06cc\u0632\u0644\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06ba \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u060c \u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0686\u0633\u0679\u0631\u0679\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06c1 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

.2       <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 : \u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2  <\/span>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648 \u0646 \u062c\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06d4\u0627\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0653\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0635 26<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0686\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679\u0641\u06a9 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u06ba\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0653\u0679\u06be \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Hugh Walker<\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u06c1\u2019 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span> Par excellence\u2019<\/span>\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06af\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u0633\u2018 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u2019 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u2018 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Virginia woolf <\/span>\u0648\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u06d4  <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u06c1\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0679\u0648\u0679\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0648\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641\u06d4 \u0645\u0627\u0688\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>(\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646) \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c \u0635 267)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06d2\u06d4  <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Montiagne <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0653\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u2019\u2019\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u2018\u2018 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0688<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Prichard \u2019 <\/span>\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u2018\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0688 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0679 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Great Essays of All Nations <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4  <\/span>(\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0688\u06d4 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0679 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0635 4)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

   <\/span><\/span>\u0688\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u06c1\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u0646\u0688\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06be<\/span>Alexender Smits <\/span>\u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0688\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u0645 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2  <\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Parexcellence <\/span>\u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u06a9\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0626\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0686\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0644\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> elastical<\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062e \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0688 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0679 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0653\u0641 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0635 4)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2019\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d2\u2018 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u06c1\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u2019\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u2018\u06d4  <\/span>\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0653\u06af\u06d2 \u0686\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062f\u0644\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u067e\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u06c1\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018\u2018<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc: \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06c1\u060c \u0635 9\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 1991)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06c1: \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0639\u062a: 2019\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u2019\u2019\u0627\u0633\u0651\u06d2\u2018\u2018(Essay) \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06ba Montaigne(1571) \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}