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1       <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u062b \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a :  <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0627\u0653\u06af\u0631\u06c1  <\/span>[\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc]  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 1916 [\u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d22<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1917<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a : \u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0688\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc7 <\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1994 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646 : \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 1942\u061f) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1942 \u061f) \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1944)\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 ( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1950) \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0654\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0642\u06cc\u06c1 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc  <\/span>1952) \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u0632\u0644\u06cc\u0646 ( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1954) \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc  <\/span>1957)\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06c1\u0646\u062f [\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u06ba] ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1957) \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc  <\/span>1959)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1961) \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0648 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1970) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06311971)\u0627\u0653\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1977) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06311977) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631(\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064f\u0644\u0632\u06d2) \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 ( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1977) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1981) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1989 ) \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0654\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06c1 ( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1992) \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1992)\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1998) \u0631\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0644 ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u060c 2011) \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f(\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b 1944) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645  <\/span>[\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u06cc] (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc [\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u06cc] ( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc  <\/span>) \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[ <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0627 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0688\u06cc\u06d4 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u06a9\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2       <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646(\u062a\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u063a)    <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0631\u06c1\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u06c1( \u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>9<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06311976<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c <\/span>      <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06311922 \u062a\u062717<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc 1938<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a: \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u2019\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1\u060c  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1940 <\/span>   <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646 : \u062f\u0631\u06af\u0627\u06c1 \u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0631\u06c1<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u062c\u0644\u0648\u06c1\u0654 \u062f\u0627\u063a (\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f1902)\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u063a (1907) \u0627 \u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0634\u06a9\u0631 (\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba1910) \u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc (\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba1915) \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1922)\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1927) \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u06c1\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1928) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06af (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1929) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06af(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be)\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644  <\/span>\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06c3 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1929) \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1930) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 ( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1930) \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u2019\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u2018 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 ( 1931) \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1931)\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc(1937) \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1937) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u063a\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1938)\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1965) \u062a\u062d\u0641\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646( \u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f ) \u0686\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0635\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u0654\u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0639\u0627\u06a9\u0641 \u0628\u06a9 \u0688\u067e\u0648 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 1994\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06cc\u0646: \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u06d4 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 1977 \u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3       <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc   <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06311909<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c <\/span>       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1947\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1950<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 5 <\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06311988\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a :<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> [\u0627\u0644\u0641  <\/span>=\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c  <\/span>\u0628=\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062c=\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628\u060c  <\/span>\u062f  <\/span>=\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641 :\u0646\u063a\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u0631\u0648\u062d(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1932)\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1939) \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1940)\u0627\u0653\u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u06d2(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1941)\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628( \u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1941)\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1943) \u062e\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 ( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1943) \u062e\u0646\u062f\u06c1\u0654 \u0633\u062d\u0631( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1944) \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0635\u0631( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1945)\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06cc (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1945)\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u063a\u0632\u0644(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1959)\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1962)\u060c \u0679\u06cc\u0691\u06be\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1963) \u0633\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06ba (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1963)\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1965)\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1967) \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u063a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1967) \u0634\u0639\u0644\u06c1 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1968)\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0634\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0691\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1977)\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1979) \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1979) \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba ( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631( \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1983)\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06c1\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1984<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0635\u06c1 \u0633\u0646\u0648 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1953)\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1957)\u06cc\u06c1 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1958)\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06c1\u0654 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06c1 (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1961) \u067e\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0654\u0633( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1965) \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062e\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1971) \u0634\u0639\u0644\u06c1 \u0628\u06a9\u0641 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1973) \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0646\u063a\u0645\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1974<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1.      <\/span>Studies in language and language teaching [ Aligarh 1962]               <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2.      <\/span>A background to education theory [ Aligarh 1965]                                 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3.      <\/span>Anecdotes from life of Ghalib [Aligarh 1972]                                           <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f:  <\/span>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1962<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[ <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0686 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0679\u06cc\u0648\u0679 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u060c1989<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0633\u06c1\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba) 3<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a  <\/span>1957 [\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e 25<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1958<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u06d4\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc  <\/span>1993  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2003<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c  <\/span>5<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2003 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a :\u06af\u0644 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u06ba( \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba 1972 ) \u062f\u06be\u0648\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631 \u062d\u062f ( \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba 1977 ) \u062e\u06cc\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984 ) \u062f\u0627\u063a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1986) \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06ba( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1987) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1990)\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991) \u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 (1992)\u0628\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995 ) \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u0632\u0644\u06cc\u06ba\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u06c1\u06cc\u0645  <\/span>[\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc](\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba 1997) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2008 )<\/span>                           <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>                   <\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:\u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5<\/span>\u0627\u0637\u06c1\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646  <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c <\/span>  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>25<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u06311925 \u0648\u0637\u0646: \u0633\u06cc\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631(\u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c 1972  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06861984<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686  <\/span>1984 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: [  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0641=\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628  <\/span>\u0628= \u0628\u0686\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0627\u062f\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641 :  <\/span>\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1962)\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1\u0654 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1969)\u06d4\u0642\u0635\u06c1\u0654 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0644(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1972)\u06d4\u067e\u0646\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06ba(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1973)\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1976)\u06d4 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1976)\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u062a\u06a9(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u0645\u0646\u0679\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 ( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1981)\u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1982 )\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0634\u0641\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1982)\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06be \u0628\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1983)\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0641\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2010<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:  <\/span>\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956)\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u067e\u0627(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1957) \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u062a\u062d( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1958) \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1966)\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u06c1( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u0645\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1979) \u062f\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06ba (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1981) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u06c1( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000) \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062a\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc) \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c  <\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c\u0628\u0627\u067e\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 1984\u060c4\u06d42003\u060c \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d4 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1991\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c\u062c\/ 1 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u060c  <\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u067e\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0632 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 2006<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

6       <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:  <\/span>\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba:\u2019\u2019\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be ) \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u2018\u2018\u0627 \u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0688\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u06be\u0627:\u062d\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u061b\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 1978 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06d4 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 2004 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u06c1\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>7 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0627\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c\u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06c1 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba( \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u06be\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc) \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c 16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1983 \u062a\u0627  <\/span>31<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1992<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c5<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2016 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[ \u0627\u0644\u0641=\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628=\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645  <\/span>\u062c=\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641 :\u0627\u0653 \u063a\u0627 \u062d\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979 \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2002) \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u06af\u06c1\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1992)\u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627 \u062d\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000)\u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627 \u062d\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u062f\u06c1 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2( 2004) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0679(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u06c1 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u06c1 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0631 1922 (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c12001 ) \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2013)\u0644\u06a9\u0691 \u0628\u06af\u06be\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062d\u0641\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2006) \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2011<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 16\u06d42015\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c : \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0686\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

8 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631       <\/span>[\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c4<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1936 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc <\/span>  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d: \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1934<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c<\/span>  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>28<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1967  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>31<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc1996<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c21<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2017 <\/span>          <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:[ \u0627\u0644\u0641=\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628  <\/span>\u0628 =\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628  <\/span>\u062c= \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641 :\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u06c1\u062c\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1972) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1972)\u067e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06af (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1972) \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1\u0654 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1973) \u0628\u0631\u06c1\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1974) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u062a\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0627 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1975) \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1976) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1977) \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1978) \u0634\u0639\u0631\u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0645\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1981) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u06a9(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1981) \u0635\u06c1\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1986) \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1987) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988) \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06c1\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1991) \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991) \u0633\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a(\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1993) \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06c1\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1994) \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u06ba (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1994) \u067e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06af(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1994) \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0646(\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1996)\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2002) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 [\u062c\u0644\u062f 1-2 ](\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2006[\u062c\u0644\u062f3] \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2007)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:  <\/span>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c 2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c80\u060c1979) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2006) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06d4 \u062c\u0644\u062f1,2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2012\u060c 2016)\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648[1811 \u062a\u0627 1911] \u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u06ba 9 \u062a\u0627 17(\u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c [\u062c\u0644\u062f 9,10]\u060c2012 [\u062c\/11]\u060c 2013 [\u062c\/12 \u062a\u0627 18]\u060c 2015 [\u062c\/16\u060c 17]\u060c 2016<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c:  <\/span>\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646 [\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc] (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995)\u0645\u06c1\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 [\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc](\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1996) \u0646\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 [\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba] (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1999<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0633\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0634\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1\u06d4 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1 2\u060c 1990\u060c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 2010<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>(<\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1)\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

9       <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u06cc\u0686\u06d4 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u060c [\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e\u060c\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645:\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\/\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0645\u0626\u0648\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u06c1\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0626\u06cc(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1894<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c<\/span>       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 1924\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c  <\/span>4<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 1981 \u060c  <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1920)\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1921)\u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a [\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc] (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1932)\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1937)\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1937) \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0633( \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba1943)\u062c\u0648\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u06c1\u0631[\u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0679\u0627\u0648\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u0634\u0646] (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1950) \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1953)\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1960)\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0670\u06c3 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541965)\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc( \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1968)\u0645\u0631\u0627\u06c3 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1973) \u0645\u0627\u0653\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1976 ) \u06a9\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0644(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Comparative stuady of Nizami and Khusro  <\/span>[Delhi ,1925]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:\u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 1933 [\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 34] \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u062a\u06c1 \u0686\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u2019 \u06a9\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u2018 [\u0635: 129] \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 :\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2013\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>1980\u060c\u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

10     <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u06af\u0645\u060c\u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f  <\/span>(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>\u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc  <\/span>1910\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1947  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1950<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u060c 29 <\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1987       <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a: \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u06af\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u062a(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1987<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2006<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

11     <\/span><\/span>\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u0651\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>25 <\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1925\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1950  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1987<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1: 11<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1979  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1984<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0646 [\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2]  <\/span>29<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u06462018 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0679 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0646<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641: =\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628=\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span> : Garcin de tassybiographie et etude critique de ses oeuvres  <\/span><\/span>\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 (\u0628\u06c1 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c\u067e\u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0686\u0631\u06cc 1962)\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979) \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1983) \u06af\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2( \u0628\u06c1 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1984) \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984) \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984)\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1984<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1984) \u062d\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1985) \u063a\u0632\u0644 : \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1986)\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1993) \u0627\u0653\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062f \u06af\u0646\u06af\u0627(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2015<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062b\u0631( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1984<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

  <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u060c\u06af\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1996\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u06be\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

12     <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0630\u0628\u06cc [\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644]\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631    <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a :\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u067e\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>21<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1912<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>21<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1974<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 13<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2005     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u06ba(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064e\u064e 1943) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1959)\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1960)\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1962) \u06af\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1985) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0628\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0644\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2007<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0641\u06d4 \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644 2008<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

13     <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc  <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0654  <\/span>(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 1904<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:<\/span> <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06311934  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1936<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u2019\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628[ \u063a\u0627  <\/span>\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064e\u064e \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1996      <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u067e\u0646\u0688\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631( 1928)\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0631\u062a( 1929) \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0644(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1927) \u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06cc (1933) \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1933) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631(1934) \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0628(1951) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06d2 (1952) \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06d2(1959) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0645 (1960) \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1960) \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1963) \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f(1966) \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f(1970) \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0646\u0645 (1973) \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631(1977) \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0653\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0628(1984) \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (1984)  <\/span>\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f(1985)\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u06c1 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1985) \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1987) \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06c1 (1987) \u062c\u06af\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc)\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c   <\/span><\/span>when India is divided [1987] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 4\u06d42003 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 2010 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u060c \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0645]  <\/span>\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u2019\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u2018\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1 1\u06d46\u060c 1992<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

14     <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u060c\u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0679\u06be (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>25<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c   <\/span>6<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1993 \u062a\u0627 31<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06a9 (\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2) 22<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u06312019 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0633\u06cc( \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541984) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627( \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654  <\/span>1985)\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 (1985<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u0631[\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2 ] \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u06c1\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

15     <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642  <\/span>[\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0645\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0646\u062e\u0627\u0633\u06c1\u060c \u0633\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)    <\/span>1892<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 1938 \u062a\u0627\u2026\u061f[\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 1970       <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:1938 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0654\u06c1 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4[\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:1922 \u062a\u0627 1952] \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4(\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991\u060c \u0635 :72)\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0632 \u062f\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4<\/span>       <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642\u060c \u067e\u0633\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc) \u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0686\u06be\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

16     <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631       <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0628\u06be\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u062f\u06be \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0634)  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1931\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c   <\/span>1976  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1992<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c6<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 2014 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1982)<\/span>      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

17     <\/span><\/span>\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[  <\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06be\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d4\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>9<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1927<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c  <\/span>1953  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 1987<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a :\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0646 1978\u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1\u0646(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1955) \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956) \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0638\u0641\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1958) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u062a\u0634(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1959) \u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1965) \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06c1 \u0654 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u06c1(\u06af\u06cc\u0627 1966) \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0631 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1972) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1972) \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1976) \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1977) \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06d2 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983) \u0627\u0653\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0627\u0653\u0633\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0633\u0645\u0627\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000) \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u062f 1 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2004)\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2018<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c  <\/span>\u0648 \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

18     <\/span><\/span>\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [ \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:   <\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0631(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>21<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1919   <\/span>\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c 1959  <\/span>\u062a\u0627\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4  <\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06311962   <\/span>\u062a\u0627\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0645 1973  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1981<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1:8<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1979<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 17<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 2006      <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a :  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641=\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0628  <\/span>\u0628:=\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:\u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u06ba(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1957)\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1960 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06d4 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u06c1\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979) \u0631\u06af \u062c\u0627\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1961) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1963) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1964) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1973) \u0634\u0627\u062e \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u062c\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u06c1 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u0628\u06c1 \u0646\u0648\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0635\u0645(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2009) \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06ba(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2009) \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2010<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628 : \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0644<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Three Mughal Poets [1969] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Ghalib:  <\/span>Life and Letters[1969]                                          <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

The satirical verses of Akbar AIlahabadi<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc  <\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0645 2014\u060c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2011\u060c\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

19     <\/span><\/span>\u0630\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u06c1 [\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654  <\/span>(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1904\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1958  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1967<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 4<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1986 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646 : \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 (\u0641 1996)\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[ <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 1970\u060c \u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 2000<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

20     <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0641\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u067e\u0679 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0679\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u06af\u06be\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>\u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1927\u060c <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1927<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c 1963  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1967(\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064e\u064e 4 \u0628\u0631\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc \u060c15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 1992  <\/span>\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: <\/span>       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>[\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633 1952) \u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u06d2(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1960) 1857( \u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1960) \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d2 ( \u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f1965) \u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0686\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u06cc( \u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1967) \u0637\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 (\u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc 1979) \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u06c1\u0631( \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc 1992) \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0653\u062f\u06be\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0654\u06ba \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc(\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be 2003<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0644\u062f 1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

21     <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631[\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0637\u0646\u0632 \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0646\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06d4  <\/span>24<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1892 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0691\u06cc\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631( \u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c     <\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1921  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1958<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1: \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06311934  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1958<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a: \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0633\u06c1\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627(1926) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06d2 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u2019\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u2018 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1977     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:   <\/span>[ \u0627\u0644\u0641=\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a   <\/span>\u0628=\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:  <\/span>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1924)\u0637\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064e\u064e 1934 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627) \u062e\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06ba (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1940) \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1941) \u06af\u0646\u062c \u06c1\u0627\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1942) \u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1944\u060c \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c\u062f\u0644\u06cc 1973)\u0633\u06c1\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0634\u062a(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1947) \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0644(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1955) \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1954)\u0627\u0653\u0634\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1958) \u06c1\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1(\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be 1958) \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1967) \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1967) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1970)\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1970) \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1970) \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0631\u0627\u0632(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1976<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06c1\u0627\u06d2 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc(\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u06461977)\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1978) \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u06c1\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1980)\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>1981\u060c \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1995)\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u0654 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc(\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 1982)\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u06c1\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983)\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u06ba(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1988) \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645 (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1989\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1993) \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0641\u0635\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u06ba(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1990)\u06af\u0646\u062c \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c1[2](\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1991) \u0627\u0653\u067e \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc  <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1992)  <\/span>\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995)\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1996)\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0670\u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1997) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a[21\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba] \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0670\u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u06ba (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1988 \u062a\u0627 2010) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc(\u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc  <\/span>7\u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 2009\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u06d4 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c  <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc  <\/span>1975 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0670\u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c\u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995\u060c \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u06c1\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645     <\/span>1992\u060c \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1984\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0670\u06c1\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0645\u060c<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

22     <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c   <\/span>[ \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f [\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633] \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba [\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc]  <\/span>9<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1911<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1936 \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1945\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631:  <\/span>\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1955  <\/span>\u062a\u0627 7 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1973<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 :  <\/span>\u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1958  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>7<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06311973<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0637\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c9 <\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2002[\u0634\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 2 \u0628\u062c\u06d2]    <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u060c  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a :  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641= \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c  <\/span>\u0628=\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c  <\/span>\u062c=\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u062f=\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628  <\/span>\u06c1=\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span> ] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1935) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1942)\u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1946) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1947)\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1954) \u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1955) \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1973) \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u062a\u06a9(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1974) \u067e\u06c1\u0686\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u06be(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1990) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0634(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1991) \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1994) \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995 )\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u062e\u0637\u0628\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1996)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1999) \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000)\u0644\u0641\u0638 [\u0646\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0644\u06cc\u06ba](\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2005) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>\u066d<\/span>      <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1\u060c\u0632\u06c1\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1977) \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06c1\u0631\u0627(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1980) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u06c1 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631 (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1996)\u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06d2\u060c\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 2003)\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0639(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 2003)\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u06c1 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2004) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2011)\u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2018)  <\/span>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>)  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0637 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956)\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1978) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1979) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u06be\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1983) \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644( \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631) \u0645\u062c\u06cc\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c :  <\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f ( \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1943) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0631 1945) \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06ba( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1962) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1967) \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1969) \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1969) \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1971) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u06a9\u0634\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1973)\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641(\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1980) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1981)\u062a\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644(\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1984)\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1985) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0645 (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1986)\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1987) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1987)\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645(\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1987) \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1996)\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1998<\/span><\/span><\/span>)   <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f : \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0628[\u0646\u0638\u0645](\u0627\u0653\u06af\u0631\u06c1 1945) \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0628(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2001<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[Lecture]  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1.      <\/span>Literature: Question and answer (Delhi1992)                      <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[Compiled] :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1.      <\/span>Islamic Resurgence  <\/span>(Sri nagar)                           <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2.      <\/span>Modernity and Iqbal (Srinagar)      <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3.      <\/span>Islam In the modern word( Srinagar)  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4.      <\/span>Modernity and Iqbal (Sri nagar)    <\/span>                                     <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5.      <\/span>Quest for Identity and Iqbal( Sri nagar)                                          <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644 2005 \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

23     <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u060c\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 [\u0632\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0646\u0627\u06af\u067e\u0648\u0631\u060c(\u0645\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0679\u0631)  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1917\u060c   <\/span>[\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc:7<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1921<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c<\/span>       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1942  <\/span>\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a1947<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0679\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0679\u0648\u060c[\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627]30<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2003     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0679\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0679\u0648<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a: \u06af\u0631\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u06af\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06c1\u0654 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1972)  <\/span>\u0634\u06c1\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06c1 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d \u2019\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u2018 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2[\u0635:104] \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u06c1\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 1943 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0686\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0631 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646(\u06411947) \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0645\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06d4\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1947 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u062d\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u0648\u06c1\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0644\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u062d\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u2019\u0634\u06c1\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06c1 1 \u062a\u06276\u060c 1992 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001) \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc 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\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u062d\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 1942 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064e\u064e \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u067e\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d21978 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\u062c\u0627\u06ba \u0646\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631)\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u2019\u2019\u0634\u06c1\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u2018\u2018 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0653 \u06a9\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 2014 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0644 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc) \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u062d\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001 \u0635:221\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:104\u060c\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u063117\u06d42016 \u0635:67<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

24     <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0670 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc     <\/span>[\u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c  <\/span>18<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 1931<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c1948 \u062a\u0627  <\/span>1949\u06d4 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u064e\u064e\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u06a9\u0645\u06d4[ \u0642\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u064e\u064e1948  <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064e\u064e\u0628\u0639\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0644\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc\u060c 13<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2017  <\/span>\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06be\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u0645\u0679\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1976) \u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c1974<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

25     <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06c1 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u061f\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:<\/span>   <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631 1942   <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1947<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u06d4\u06d4\u06d4\u061f<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

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26     <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>7<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u06461930<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>24<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1981  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>7<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 1992<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:   <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1998\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:     <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641=\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628=\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0648\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062b\u0631 1857 \u0633\u06d2 1920 \u062a\u06a9(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2004<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u06cc\u062a(1968) \u062c\u0648\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0688(1969) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u06c1\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988)<\/span>                         <\/span>          <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> [\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:  <\/span>\u067e\u0633\u0631:\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 2003-4<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

27     <\/span><\/span>\u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0627\u0653\u0646\u0648\u0644\u06c1\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 1936<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c    <\/span>20<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06311966  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 1996<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654:  <\/span>22<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1996  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 1996<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 13<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2012 \u060c   <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646 : \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:   <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641=\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628 =  <\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1965) \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06ba \u062f\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f1969) \u0646 \u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0646(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1971) \u06c1\u062c\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1978) \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06ba (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 1981 )\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1985)\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1991) \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1999) \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2001) \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2004) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0631(\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 2007) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0648\u06ba((\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2(1987) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06c1\u06d2(1995) \u062f\u06be\u0648\u067e \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06ba(1998) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646(1998) \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba (2001) \u062f\u06be\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2001)\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba (2004) \u06a9\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2 (2004)\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2005) \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u06af\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2011<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1.      <\/span>The gateway of dream is closed [1992]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2.      <\/span>Through  <\/span>the  <\/span>closed  <\/span>doorway, Translator:  <\/span>RakhshandaJalil [2004]    <\/span>[ <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983\u060c \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627 \u062a \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

28     <\/span><\/span>\u0638\u06c1\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba  <\/span>(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1929    <\/span>\u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d:10 <\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1928<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c   <\/span>1953   <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1954[\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c17<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2003     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641 =\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628= \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0654 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1956) \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627  <\/span>\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1956) \u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1969) \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06d2 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1972) \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646((\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1972) \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979)\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1981) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062f(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1983) \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1985) \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1993) \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1993) \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f[\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1]( \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1993) \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1996) \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1996<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646(1956)\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 (1955) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u0654 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1956) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062f  <\/span>(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956) \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0636\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1958) \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1960) \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06c1\u0627\u06d2 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0646\u06af(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1970) \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1987) \u0646\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0631(1990) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc  <\/span>(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1993) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0636\u06cc\u0627(1996) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 (\u062f\u0644\u06cc1997<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 4\u06d42003\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u06c1 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

29     <\/span><\/span>\u0638\u06c1\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u06cc [\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0654\u0633\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a : \u062c\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631( \u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u06cc )  <\/span>1898<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c 1938   <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1958<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c12<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1964     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1940)\u0627\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u06a9 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1941) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1942) \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1951) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062e\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1955) \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)<\/span>  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u06be\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

30     <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631<\/span>       <\/span> [<\/span>\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0645\u0686\u06be\u0631 \u06c1\u0679\u06c1\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0631 (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1930\u060c  <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e:8<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c 1956   <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1993<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1:<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>8<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1987 \u062a\u0627 14<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1990<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 29<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631  <\/span>2018       <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>[12\u060c\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0648\u0627\u0632(\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u06441954\u06d4 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0644 [\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 1961 ]\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637[1962] \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0627)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0637\u06cc\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1963) \u0645\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc\u0627(1963) \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 (1964) \u0634\u0628 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 (\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f1966) \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0648\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1967) \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u06cc( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1968) \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628( \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1974)\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1977) \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1977) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1986)\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u06ba(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990) \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1997) \u0627\u0653\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06c1 \u0654 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u06cc\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995) \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 (2005) \u062a\u0627\u062c \u067e\u0648\u0631(2006<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\/1 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2006\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c<\/span><\/span><\/span>]  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>31    <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0631(\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0679\u06a9)  <\/span>17<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1929<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c  <\/span>1958  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1965 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631 1966  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1970<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06c1 \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0648\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2016 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:  <\/span>\u0628\u0691\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0679\u06a9<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1962 ) \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be ) \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be) \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1974) \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1975) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1977 ) \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0654\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be ) \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c\u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645 (\u0628\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0631 1999<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983\u060c \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1996<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

32     <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[ \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0633\u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631 (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)   <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c   <\/span>13<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1966  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1994 [ \u0645\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1: <\/span>       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>11<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1984  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>7<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1987<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c17<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2004      <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:    <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641= \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628= \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628  <\/span>\u062c=  <\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:  <\/span>\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627(1976)  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1977) \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1985) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1988) \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990) \u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u06c1\u0654 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1991) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0670\u06c1\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1991)\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u06cc\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2009<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1968) \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1969)\u0627\u0653\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1970) \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1971) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1983) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988)\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c:   <\/span>\u06c1\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0653\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1977) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1979) \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u0686\u06cc\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1990) \u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1992) \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000) \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

A M U Contribution and Achievements  <\/span>[Aligahrh]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>2004-5\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>33    <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642[\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u067e\u0644\u0688\u06c1\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06cc ( \u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc  <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc1904\u060c \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d:10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1904<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1958  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0645\u0626\u06cc 1968[\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1935 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u060c  <\/span>4\u062c\u0648\u0646 1988 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641 =\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a   <\/span>\u0628 = \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:\u0632\u06c1\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0642(\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1930) \u0634\u0648\u067e\u0646\u06c1\u0627\u0631(\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1930) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 (\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1931)\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 (\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1935) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a(\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1935) \u06c1\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 (\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u2019\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 1938 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627)\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc(\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1939)\u0633\u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1943) \u0635\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0628\u0648\u06ba(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1944)\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 ( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 1945) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u06d2(\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1945) \u0632\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0634\u0631(\u0646\u0627\u06af\u067e\u0648\u0631 1946) \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1955) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06c1(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645 1955) \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba (\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1957) \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1957) \u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1959)\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0627 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1964) \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u062f\u0648\u0645 1968)\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc1974) \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0644 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0633\u0648\u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628(\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a(\u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc( \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 1947)\u0633\u0646\u06af\u06be\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc (\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0644 (\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u06af \u0644\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630 :  <\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

34     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631[ \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c\u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c 15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1925  <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e : \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1926<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c  <\/span>1952  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1953 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u060c  <\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631 1954  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1962<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a : \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c24<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 2010      <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0679 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641 = \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641  <\/span>\u0628:=\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u062c: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645   <\/span>\u062f: \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541954)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1955)\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1955) \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06cc(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1956) \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1960) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1961) \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u0654 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627 ( \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1965) \u06a9\u06c1\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0646\u062f(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1969)\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1975) \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0626\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1975) \u0641\u06cc\u0636 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06be\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06ba (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1975) \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1975) \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u06c1\u0646\u0631 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1977) \u0632\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u06ba (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06311978) \u0636\u062d\u0627\u06a9 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1980) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1982) \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1983) \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1986) \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0686\u06c1\u0631\u06d2(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1987) \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1988) \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u063a\u0645\u06c1 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1990) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000) \u0627\u0653\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2002)\u063a\u0645 \u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0644(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2003) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644(\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 2005)\u0637\u0631\u0632 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2005) \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06af\u0631 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2007<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0633\u06c1 \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u06c1\u0648\u0631\u06cc (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1942)\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1961) \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1961)\u06c1\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1973) \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1975) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628[1](\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1977) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 [2] (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1978) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1978) \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1978) \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1978) \u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627[2] ( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627 [1] (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1985) \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1986) \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1988) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1991) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1993) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1996) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1998) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0631\u0648 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2000) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u06c1\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 \u062f\u0648\u0645 2009<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c: \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u06be\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1961) \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06a9 (\u067e\u0679\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06c1 1975) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1975) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06d2 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995)\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0679\u06be \u06a9\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654) \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06c1 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654\u06d4 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>1.     <\/span>A new approach to Iqbal,[Delhi]  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2.      <\/span>Multidisciplinary approach to Iqbal<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3.      <\/span>Thought pattern of nineteenth century literature of north India [karachi,1990]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4.      <\/span>NazeerAkbarabadi [Delhi]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630:\u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f1 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2006\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0679\u06cc\u0648\u0679 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2010 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span>  <\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

35     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631[\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1 \u0633\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f (\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631)   <\/span>25<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1953\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c1978 \u062a\u0627 25 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06312018<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1:31<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2010  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2013<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 17<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0645\u0626\u06cc 2020 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u0648 \u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (1979)\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2002)\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f ( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

36     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be   <\/span>1904<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1938  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1966   <\/span>[\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a : \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc1995 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0654\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1) \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u062f(\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be 1939\u060c 1943) \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06c1\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1955) \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u06ba(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06d4 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1)\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a( \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>95\u06d41994\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 2014\u060c \u062e\u0637: \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span>)]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

37     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0641\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>28<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1919\/\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1962<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a: \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:  <\/span>\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641= \u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628:=\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1948) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1952)\u0631\u0648\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1954) \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06d2 \u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1954)\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1954) \u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1956) \u067e\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 (\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1965)\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1965)\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1966)\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1966) \u062f\u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u063a\u062a(\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1969)\u0628\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1970)\u0642\u0635\u06c1 \u0645\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0628\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988)\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 (1981)\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1981 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06af\u0631\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1995)\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a(\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631 1983) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 ( 1988) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 : \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988) \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc((\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1988)\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1989) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u06c1(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1990) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1991) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0634\u062a\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995) \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1997<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>: A phonetic and phonological study of the word in Urdu  <\/span>[Aligarh, 1954]      <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u06c1\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u06af (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1973) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u06af (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1986<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba \u062e\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1989\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0634\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1992<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

38     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u067e\u067e\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u06a9\u06be\u06af\u0691\u06cc\u0627 (\u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0631) \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1959<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c       <\/span>19<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06311994 \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be  <\/span>17\/18 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000    <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u067e\u067e\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a(\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 1997)\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062b\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c2020<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[ <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 2003<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

39     <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06c1 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06cc (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)    <\/span>1921 \u060c  <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0646 1922<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0644\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c 1949  <\/span>\u062a\u0627\u06d4\u06d4\u061f  <\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06af\u0631 1972  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1983<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2013       <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:\u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be   <\/span>2012-13<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

40     <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0631\u060c(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1957<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 1988\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06311999<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c\u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1999 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995) \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062b\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span>(  <\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 2002 \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>41    <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc  <\/span>[\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0645\u06c1\u0648\u0628\u0627 ( \u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)    <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1919<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u060c     <\/span>1956  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1981<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a : \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 16<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1985     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1955)\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1960) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1962)<\/span>                    <\/span>                   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1989<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

42     <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0639\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631  <\/span>[\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 19<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1939<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631:  <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c 8<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1968  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1973 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631 11<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 1975  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1: 15<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1993  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>21<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1996<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 22<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 1996\u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0679 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06d2 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u06ba( \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1968) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0632\u0679\u0644\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979) \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1979)\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644[\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1](\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628( \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995) \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1995) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>( )  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[ <\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be6\u06d41995 \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

43     <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 [\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06c1\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u06c1\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0626\u06cc(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>12<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1911 \u060c  <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1913<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0631\u060c     <\/span>1940  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1943<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654\u060c  <\/span>28<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u063a \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u06cc(\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1945) \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1946) \u062f\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc 1949) \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1951\u060c \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u06cc) \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u0627(\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1954) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0686\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1954) \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1956) \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1956) \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0653\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1957)\u0646\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639(\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1958) \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1960) \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u067e\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0632(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541961) \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1961)\u0628\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541965 \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u06ba) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u0648\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1966) \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u0654 \u0648\u0644\u06cc(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541983)\u060c \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1\u0654 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06c1(1976) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0633(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654) \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0645 (1984) \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u062f\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u063a\u0645\u06c1\u0654 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (1985)\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06c1\u0654 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 ( \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1985) \u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1986\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc)\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632(\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1988) \u0627\u0653\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc) \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 2002 \u0627\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b 4\u06d42003<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

44     <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631[\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:  <\/span>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u06c1\u06c1 (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)  <\/span>2<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c    <\/span>1967  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>1993<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u060c 25<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc 2006 \u060c\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06ba \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:     <\/span>[ \u0627\u0644\u0641 =\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628=\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a   <\/span>\u062c= \u0628\u06c1 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06c1(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1978) \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1979) \u0646\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984) \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1985) \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06c1\u0654 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1988) \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1990) \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06a9\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1992) \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u06cc (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1998) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1997) \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1999) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0688\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u062a\u06a9(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000) \u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 2000)\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062a(\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0642\u0635\u06c1\u0654 \u0686\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0634<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc \u0686\u06be \u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u06ba(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1968  <\/span>\u062a\u0627 1994) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u062f(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 ) \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u062a (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1970) \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0654\u062a(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1971) \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1980) \u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u0654 \u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627[\u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2011 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc2012<\/span><\/span><\/span> )<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c:\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u062a\u0648 [\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc ]\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1969<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Ghalib reveals himself  <\/span>[Aligarh  <\/span>1972]   <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1972) \u0631\u0627\u062c\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u06c1\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1984) \u0646\u06c1\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u067e (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1989) \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u062a(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 4\u06d42003 \u0648 6\u06d42005\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u062a\u06c1\u0630\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

45     <\/span><\/span>\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f[\u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0679:\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0688\u0645\u06a9 \u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0632\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0631\u060c\u0636\u0644\u0639 \u062c\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc (\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)    <\/span>1880<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628: \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0631<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a:   <\/span>6<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0648\u0646 1921  <\/span>\u062a\u0627  <\/span>13<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc1929<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a :  <\/span>\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654  <\/span>11<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0644 1943     <\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646:\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u063a \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 [\u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06c1\u2019 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u2018 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1906 ] \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:   <\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641 =\u062a\u0635\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0628=\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641: \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u067e\u06be\u0648\u06cc\u0627 (\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06ba 1909 )\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1911) \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d2(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1930)\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1938) \u062d\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0670 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u06ba  <\/span>(\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 1944 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628: \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0631(\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06c11902) \u0632\u06c1\u0631\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be1902)\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06ba (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1902) \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u06c1 (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1926) \u0627\u0653\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1930)\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1930) \u06c1\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645 (\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f 1931) \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644(\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be 1933<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0634\u06c1\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u060c\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2010<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u062c\u0648\u0646 2020 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u062c\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2019\u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1\u0654 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u2018 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u067e \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u062a\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u06be \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0646 2020 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1       <\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627    <\/span>[\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0628]  <\/span>\u0688 \u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a: \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u06c1 (\u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644)    <\/span>26<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1933<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0650 \u06a9\u0627\u0631:\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u06311967 \u062a\u0627 1993<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u06c1\u060c  <\/span>13<\/span>\u060d<\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u06312020\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646: \u06af\u0644\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0679\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062c\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u06c1<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632:\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u06af\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u067e\u0648\u062a\u06d2<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631:1981\u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span> Billiards and Snooker<\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span> The Baulk Line<\/span>\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:  <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0648\u062a (\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u06541962)\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1984<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 1995)\u060c\u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u06a9\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u06c1 2004<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0653\u062e\u0630: \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u062c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0631 \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2       <\/span><\/span>\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u060c\u0645\u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631   <\/span>[\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span> ]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a:\u0642\u0635\u0628\u06c1 \u06af\u06be\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0648(\u06cc\u0648\u067e\u06cc)\u060c   <\/span>10<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1955<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c  <\/span>20\u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1997 \u062a\u0627 31<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2020<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1:\u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019 \u062a\u0627 9<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2020<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a:\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be\u060c 29<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u06cc\u0646 :  <\/span>30<\/span>\u060d<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/span>        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>[\u0627\u0644\u0641=  <\/span>\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0628   <\/span>\u0628=  <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0628   <\/span>\u062c=  <\/span>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641:<\/span>    <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0633 1983)\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0644\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc1988)\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc (\u062f\u0644\u06cc1999<\/span><\/span><\/span>)  <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2001)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u067e\u0679\u0646\u06c1 2003<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u06312006)\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2012<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2019)\u060c \u0642\u0635\u06cc\u062f\u06c1: \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2020<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628:\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1983)\u060c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0628\u0631\u0648 (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 1997<\/span><\/span><\/span> )<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba (\u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0654 2005) [\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u0628\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 (\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u06af\u0691\u06be 2016<\/span><\/span><\/span>)]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 (\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0631 2011)\u060c  <\/span>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc(\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2012 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0646\u0630\u06cc\u0631 (\u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc 2012)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0653\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0642 (\u0628\u0645\u0628\u0626\u06cc 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c:<\/span>      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc (\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0691\u06be2015<\/span><\/span><\/span>)       <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630:  <\/span>\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c\u0634\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0650 \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

Dr. Shams Badauni<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

J-2, New Naz Residency<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Sir Syed Nagar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Aligarh – 202002 (UP) <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Mob.: 9837092245<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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