{"id":90,"date":"2024-09-24T09:52:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T09:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lareb.in\/wp\/2024\/09\/24\/%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%81-%da%88%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3\/"},"modified":"2024-09-24T09:52:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T09:52:00","slug":"%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%81-%da%88%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/2024\/09\/24\/%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%81-%da%88%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641: \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0688\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0653\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06af\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2024<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\n

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<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>6-1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (The Eye): <\/span>\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/span>\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-1: \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

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\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Shape) <\/span>\u0628\u06c1\u062a \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0686 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u06be\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Transparent membrane) C <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Cornea) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0688\u06be\u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0686\u06be\u0644\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> A (Liquid) <\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Aqueous humor) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Crystalline lens)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span>L <\/span>\u0627\u0653\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Fibrous jelly) <\/span>\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0633\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Capsule) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648  <\/span>\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Ligaments) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06af\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> M (Ciliary muscle) <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u0691\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> V (thin jelly) <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Vitreous humor) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 1.336 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Homogeneous) <\/span>\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 1.437 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Indices of the aqueous and vitreous humors) <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Nerve fibers) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u062c\u06be\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (delicate film) R, (<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Retina) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0688\u06be\u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Cross section) <\/span>\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0635\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> O, (Optic nerve) <\/span>\u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Nerve fibers) <\/span>\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0686\u06be\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Rods and cones) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0644\u06d2 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (A bluiash liqued) <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Visual Purple) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06be\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0635\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Optic nerve) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Transmit) <\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Y <\/span>\u067e\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0627 \u0633\u0627 \u0627\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Depression) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Yellow spot or mecula) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u0627 \u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Region) <\/span>\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Foved Centralis) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 0.25 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-2 : \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (500x) <\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Vision) <\/span>\u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Acute) <\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u06af\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Muscles) <\/span>\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0688\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Eyeball) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u06af\u06be\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0627\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Feild of view) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (General picture) <\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0641\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Colon) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Dots)  <\/span>(:)) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Distinctly) <\/span>\u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Motion) <\/span>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0635\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Optic nerve) <\/span>\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06be\u0691\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Region) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Blind spot) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06c1\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u06c1\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-3 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u0644\u06cc\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Cross) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06be\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Square) <\/span>\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Circle) <\/span>\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u06c1 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Crystalline lens) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0626\u0631\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Iris) <\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Opening) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (pupil) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Regulate) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0645\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Brightness1 of field) <\/span>\u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Sutomatically) <\/span>\u067e\u06be\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (dilates)<\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Contracts)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Process) <\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Adaptation) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-4 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0645\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Field brightness) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Normal) <\/span>\u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Size) <\/span>\u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Range) <\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0646\u06cc (\u0644\u06c1\u0670\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u0644\u06c1 \u06af\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2) \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0686\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a 10:-2 \u0633\u06d2 103 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u0644 \u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (102to103candles.m2) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2  <\/span>\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 100,000 \u06af\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06c1\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Receptive mechanism) <\/span>\u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Large diffferences) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0645\u06a9 (\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u0644 \u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631)<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-4: \u067e\u062a\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Distinctly) <\/span>\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (sharp image) <\/span>\u0628\u0646\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Elemelts) <\/span>\u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Rigidly) <\/span>\u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Tixed) <\/span>\u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636  <\/span>\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Object distances) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u06c1\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Sharp image) <\/span>\u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 (\u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631 10 \u0627\u0646\u0686 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06a9) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06af\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Ciliary muscle) (<\/span>\u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Attached) <\/span>\u06c1\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u0634\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06af\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0654 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u0679\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Occommodation) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06d2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Extremes of the range) <\/span>\u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u062a\u06a9 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Distinct vision) <\/span>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Far point) <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Near point) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Acoommodation) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0679\u0633\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0633 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u06af\u06be\u0679\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2…… \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0679\u0633\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u0686\u06a9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Flexibility) <\/span>\u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u067e\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u06c1\u0679\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u06c1\u0679\u062a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Recession) <\/span>\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Presbyopia) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Defect of vision) <\/span>\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u06ba \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>6-2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Defects of Vision): <\/span>\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2  <\/span>\u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be (\u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0648\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Incorrect relation) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Emmetropic) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Far point) <\/span>\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Ametropic) <\/span>\u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Myopia) (<\/span>\u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Hyperopia) (<\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631) \u06a9\u06c1\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (b) 605 <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (c) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-5<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u067e\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Myopic eye,) <\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u0688\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Eyeball) <\/span>\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Cornea) <\/span>\u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Most distant) <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Accommodation) <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Normal vision) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u067e\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u0688\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Eyeball) <\/span>\u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u06c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Emmetropic eye) <\/span>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0688\u06be\u0646\u06af \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06af\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u067e\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06a9 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u06af\u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0632\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Astigmatism) <\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (<\/span>\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Curved) <\/span>\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0632\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u06af\u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0632\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u06be\u0691\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0642\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Horizontal) <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Vertical) <\/span>\u0686\u06be\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627  <\/span>\u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u06d4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0630: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641: \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0688\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0653\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646: 2004\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 2024 6-1 \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be (The Eye): \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4  \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 6-1: \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be   \u0627\u0653\u0646\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a (Shape) \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0686 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/urducouncil.nic.in\/ncpulblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}